ON Aug 7, 2026, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkiye signed the historic Makkah Joint Defence Agreement (MJDA) to strengthen collective deterrence against external armed aggression. The agreement provides that an armed attack on one state would be regarded as an attack on all parties to the agreement. Historically, Pakistan has maintained long-standing defence ties with both countries. For example, Turkiye has supplied corvettes to Pakistan, while Pakistan has supplied training aircraft to Turkiye; Saudi Arabia, too, has purchased Turkish drones. Pakistan has also provided training and technical assistance to Saudi forces. Previously, Pakistan has entered into defence and military cooperation…
The Middle East’s Nato?
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